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ČSN EN 12258-1 - Hliník a slitiny hliníku - Termíny a definice - Část 1: Obecné termíny

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Published:	2013-03-01
Classification symbol:	421403
Category:	Neželezné kovy. Všeobecné normy a technické dodací předpisy
ICS:	01.040.77 - Metalurgie (názvosloví) 77.120.10 - Hliník a slitiny hliníku
Status:	Valid

2.1.1 aluminium
2.1.2 unalloyed aluminium
2.1.3 refined aluminium
2.1.4 primary aluminium
2.2 Alloys, alloying elements and impurities
2.2.1 alloy
2.2.2 aluminium alloy
2.2.3 alloying element
2.2.4 impurity
2.2.5 casting alloy
2.2.6 refined aluminium alloy
2.2.7 wrought alloy
2.2.8 heat-treatable alloy
2.2.9 non-heat-treatable alloy
2.2.10 free machining alloy
2.2.11 hardener
2.2.12 grain refiner
2.2.13 modifier
2.2.14 performance hardener performance product
2.3 Materials and products
2.3.1 unwrought product
2.3.2 wrought product
2.3.3 semi-finished product
2.3.4 drawn product
2.3.5 laminated material
2.3.6 matrix
2.3.7 slug
2.3.8 blank
2.3.9 flake
2.3.10 granules
2.3.11 aluminium powder
2.3.12 grit
2.3.13 aluminium powder product
2.4 Unwrought products, excepting castings
2.4.1 ingot
2.4.2 primary aluminium ingot
2.4.3 recycled aluminium ingot
2.4.4 ingot for remelting remelt ingot
2.4.5 ingot for casting
2.4.6 extrusion ingot
2.4.7 extrusion billet
2.4.8 extrusion log
2.4.9 forging ingot
2.4.10 rolling ingot
2.4.11 head (of an ingot)
2.4.12 butt (of an ingot)
2.4.13 edge (of a rolling ingot)
2.4.14 rolling face (of a rolling ingot)
2.5 Castings
2.5.1 casting
2.5.2 sand casting
2.5.3 permanent mould casting
2.5.4 die casting
2.5.5 precision casting
2.5.6 investment casting
2.6 Sheet and plate
2.6.1 sheet
2.6.2 coiled sheet
2.6.3 plate
2.6.4 hot rolled sheet hot rolled plate
2.6.5 cold rolled sheet cold rolled plate
2.6.6 reroll stock
2.6.7 anodizing sheet
2.6.8 brazing sheet
2.6.9 can stock
2.6.10 closure sheet closure strip
2.6.11 circle stock
2.6.12 foil stock
2.6.13 fin stock
2.6.14 lithographic sheet
2.6.15 reflector sheet
2.6.16 roofing sheet
2.6.17 tooling plate
2.6.18 master coil parent coil
2.6.19 master plate parent plate
2.6.20 top side (of a sheet)
2.6.21 reverse side (of a sheet)
2.6.22 painted sheet
2.6.23 mill finish sheet/plate
2.6.24 one side bright mill finish sheet
2.6.25 satin-finish sheet
2.6.26 clad sheet clad plate
2.6.27 alclad sheet alclad plate
2.6.28 flat sheet
2.6.29 corrugated sheet profiled sheet
2.6.30 patterned sheet embossed sheet
2.6.31 tread plate
2.6.32 machined plate
2.6.33 blank
2.6.34 circle
2.6.35 disc
2.7 Foil
2.7.1 foil
2.7.2 converter foil
2.7.3 container foil
2.7.4 consumer foil household foil
2.7.5 printed foil
2.7.6 embossed foil patterned foil
2.7.7 annealed foil
2.7.8 chemically cleaned foil
2.7.9 etched foil
2.7.10 hard foil
2.7.11 intermediate temper foil
2.7.12 matte one side foil pack rolled foil
2.7.13 bright two-side foil
2.7.14 mechanically grained foil
2.7.15 mill finish foil
2.8 Profiles and tubes
2.8.1 profile
2.8.2 extrudate
2.8.3 extruded profile
2.8.4 cold-finished profile
2.8.5 drawn profile
2.8.6 solid profile
2.8.7 hollow profile
2.8.8 semi-hollow profile
2.8.9 seamless profile
2.8.10 precision profile
2.8.11 structural profile
2.8.12 tube
2.8.13 extruded tube
2.8.14 drawn tube
2.8.15 sized tube
2.8.16 porthole tube bridge tube
2.8.17 seamless tube
2.8.18 welded tube
2.8.19 tube stock
2.8.20 alclad tube
2.8.21 embossed tube
2.8.22 heat exchanger tube
2.8.23 structural tube
2.8.24 pipe
2.9 Rod, bar and wire
2.9.1 rod
2.9.2 bar
2.9.3 extruded rod
2.9.4 extruded bar
2.9.5 cold-finished bar
2.9.6 cold-drawn rod
2.9.7 cold-drawn bar
2.9.8 rolled rod
2.9.9 rolled bar
2.9.10 brazing rod
2.9.11 welding rod
2.9.12 square bar
2.9.13 rectangular bar
2.9.14 hexagonal bar
2.9.15 bus bar
2.9.16 wire
2.9.17 drawn wire
2.9.18 extruded wire
2.9.19 flattened wire
2.9.20 drawing stock
2.9.21 electric wire or conductor
2.9.22 brazing wire
2.9.23 welding wire
2.9.24 composite wire
2.9.25 machining stock
2.9.26 bolt stock
2.9.27 rivet stock
2.9.28 screw stock
2.10 Forgings and forging stock
2.10.1 forging
2.10.2 die forging
2.10.3 hand forging
2.10.4 precision forging
2.10.5 drop forging
2.10.6 hammer forging
2.10.7 rolled ring forging
2.10.8 blocker-type forging
2.10.9 cold-coined forging
2.10.10 impact
2.10.11 forging stock
3 Technical and metallurgical processes
3.1 Casting and allied finishing operations
3.1.1 casting process
3.1.2 direct chill (DC) casting
3.1.3 continuous casting
3.1.4 rod casting
3.1.5 strip casting
3.1.6 semi-continuous casting
3.1.7 scalping
3.1.8 sand casting process
3.1.9 permanent mould casting process chill casting process
3.1.10 die casting process
3.1.11 investment casting process
3.2 Forming and working, general terms
3.2.1 forming
3.2.2 working
3.2.3 hot working
3.2.4 cold working
3.2.5 thermo-mechanical processing
3.2.6 drawing
3.2.7 stretching
3.2.8 stress relieving
3.2.9 strain
3.2.10 permanent set
3.2.11 strain hardening
3.2.12 stress
3.3 Rolling and finishing of rolled products
3.3.1 rolling
3.3.2 hot rolling
3.3.3 cold rolling
3.3.4 double rolling
3.3.5 temper rolling
3.3.6 levelling
3.3.7 roller levelling
3.3.8 stretcher levelling
3.3.9 tension levelling
3.3.10 skin pass
3.3.11 slitting
3.3.12 trimming
3.3.13 blanking (closed cut)
3.3.14 shearing
3.3.15 milling (of plate)
3.3.16 core (of coil)
3.3.17 liner
3.4 Extrusion, drawing and finishing of extruded/drawn products
3.4.1 extrusion (process)
3.4.2 direct extrusion
3.4.3 indirect extrusion
3.4.4 extrusion press
3.4.5 container
3.4.6 tool
3.4.7 extrusion die
3.4.8 porthole die
3.4.9 extrusion ratio
3.4.10 press discard (extrusion) extrusion butt
3.4.11 extrusion effect
3.4.12 extrusion seam
3.4.13 longitudinal extrusion seam
3.4.14 transverse extrusion seam
3.4.15 contour
3.4.16 straightening
3.4.17 roller straightening
3.4.18 reeling (of wire)
3.4.19 shaving
3.5 Other forming operations
3.5.1 close-to-form forging, near net-shape forging
3.5.2 coining (of forged material)
3.5.3 controlled compression
3.5.4 closed die
3.5.5 deep drawing
3.5.6 drawing and ironing
3.5.7 impact extrusion
3.5.8 superplastic forming
3.5.9 hydroforming
3.6 Thermal treatment
3.6.1 thermal treatment
3.6.2 preheating
3.6.3 homogenizing
3.6.4 controlled atmosphere
3.6.5 temper
3.6.6 annealing
3.6.7 flash annealing
3.6.8 continuous quenching
3.6.9 batch quenching
3.6.10 partial annealing
3.6.11 recrystallization annealing
3.6.12 super annealing
3.6.13 stabilizing stabilization
3.6.14 thermal stress relieving
3.6.15 overheating
3.7 Solution heat treatment, quenching and ageing
3.7.1 solution heat treatment
3.7.2 furnace solution heat treatment
3.7.3 extrusion press solution heat treatment
3.7.4 forging press solution heat treatment
3.7.5 rolling mill solution heat treatment
3.7.6 quenching
3.7.7 air quenching
3.7.8 hot line quenching
3.7.9 press quenching
3.7.10 as-quenched condition
3.7.11 quenching stress
3.7.12 critical quenching rate
3.7.13 incubation period (quenching)
3.7.14 transfer period (quenching)
3.7.15 ageing
3.7.16 precipitation hardening
3.7.17 age softening
3.7.18 delayed ageing
3.7.19 peak ageing
3.7.20 under-ageing
3.7.21 over-ageing
3.7.22 step ageing
3.7.23 ramp ageing
3.7.24 pre-ageing
3.8 Electrochemical and chemical treatment
3.8.1 electrochemical brightening
3.8.2 electropolishing
3.8.3 anodized metal
3.8.4 clear anodized metal
3.8.5 colour anodized metal
3.8.6 integral colour anodized metal
3.8.7 electrolytically coloured anodized metal
3.8.8 dyed anodized metal
3.8.9 combination colour anodized metal
3.8.10 interference colour anodized metal
3.8.11 bright anodized metal
3.8.12 protective anodizing
3.8.13 decorative anodizing
3.8.14 architectural anodizing
3.8.15 hard anodized metal
3.8.16 sealing
3.8.17 cold impregnation cold sealing
3.8.18 significant surface
3.8.19 chemical brightening
3.8.20 chemical polishing
3.8.21 degreasing
3.8.22 etching
3.9 Coating
3.9.1 coating (organic)
3.9.2 coil coating
3.9.3 backing coat
3.9.4 conversion coating
3.9.5 priming
3.9.6 pre-treatment priming
3.9.7 single coat system
3.9.8 multiple coat system
3.9.9 organic coating
3.9.10 film coating
3.9.11 lacquering
3.10 Mechanical surface treatment and surface finish
3.10.1 mechanical polishing
3.10.2 grinding
3.10.3 linishing
3.10.4 buffing
3.10.5 shot blasting
3.10.6 brushing
3.10.7 tumbling barrelling
3.10.8 finish
3.10.9 matt finish
3.10.10 mirror finish
3.10.11 satin finish
3.10.12 scratch-brushed finish
3.10.13 embossed finish
3.10.14 mill finish
3.10.15 natural oxide film
3.10.16 visible surface
3.11 Marking, packaging and delivery
3.11.1 packaging
3.11.2 packing
3.11.3 marking
3.11.4 all-over marking
3.11.5 cast number
3.11.6 pallet
3.11.7 manufacturer
3.11.8 supplier
3.11.9 purchaser
3.11.10 order document
3.12 Aluminium scrap and recycling operations
3.12.1 (aluminium) scrap
3.12.2 new scrap
3.12.3 internal scrap
3.12.4 old scrap
3.12.5 traded scrap
3.12.6 skimmings
3.12.7 black dross
3.12.8 metallics
3.12.9 spills
3.12.10 cuttings
3.12.11 turnings
3.12.12 used beverage cans (UBC)
3.12.13 used aluminium packaging
3.12.14 incinerator scrap
3.12.15 processed scrap
3.12.16 loose scrap
3.12.17 shredded scrap
3.12.18 granulated scrap
3.12.19 compacted scrap
3.12.20 clean scrap
3.12.21 coated scrap
3.12.22 anodized scrap
3.12.23 wrought scrap
3.12.24 scrap for direct melting
3.12.25 foreign material
3.12.26 free iron
3.12.27 steriles inerts
3.12.28 contaminant
3.12.29 volatile substance
3.12.30 moisture
3.12.31 baling briquetting
3.12.32 delacquering decoating
3.12.33 shredding
3.12.34 shearing
3.12.35 sorting
3.12.36 sink and float
3.12.37 drying
3.12.38 scrap consignment
3.12.39 scrap shipment
3.12.40 classification
3.12.41 declared mass
3.12.42 gross mass
3.12.43 net mass
3.12.44 metal content
3.12.45 metal yield
3.12.46 net metal yield
3.13 Residues of the aluminium industry
3.13.1 salt cake salt slag
3.13.2 salt slag residue
3.13.3 sludge from flue gas treatment
3.13.4 furnace linings
3.13.5 spent liquid metal filter material
3.13.6 spent graphite parts (from melt treatment devices)
3.13.7 spent blasting grit
3.13.8 filter dust from cast-houses
3.13.9 fines
3.13.10 waste water treatment residues
3.13.11 oil filter residues (from rolling mills)
3.13.12 spent hot rolling emulsion
3.13.13 spent roll grinding emulsion
3.13.14 roll grinding sludge
3.13.15 mixed spent oils
3.13.16 spent machine oil
3.13.17 lacquer sludge
3.13.18 waste coating materials
3.13.19 sludge from anodizing/etching
3.13.20 sludge from surface treatment, free from chromium
3.13.21 sludge from surface treatment, contaminated with chromium
3.13.22 spent caustic etching liquid
3.13.23 aluminium brushing dust
3.13.24 spent hardening salts
3.13.25 spent mixed solvents
4 Sampling, testing and product characteristics
4.1 Sampling and preparation of test-pieces
4.1.1 consignment
4.1.2 inspection lot
4.1.3 melt
4.1.4 cast
4.1.5 heat treatment lot
4.1.6 sample
4.1.7 specimen
4.1.8 test piece
4.1.9 limiting sample
4.1.10 layout sample
4.1.11 longitudinal direction
4.1.12 transverse direction
4.1.13 long transverse direction
4.1.14 short transverse direction
4.2 Tests
4.2.1 test
4.2.2 inspection
4.2.3 macro-etching test
4.2.4 dye penetrant test liquid penetrant inspection
4.2.5 ultrasonic test
4.2.6 eddy current test
4.2.7 radiographic test
4.2.8 tensile test
4.2.9 pressure test
4.2.10 fracture test
4.2.11 torsion test
4.2.12 bend test
4.2.13 hardness test
4.2.14 bore test (of tube)
4.2.15 drift expanding test (of tube)
4.2.16 cut-up test (of forgings)
4.2.17 flattening test (of tube)
4.2.18 flanging test
4.2.19 wrapping test
4.2.20 earing test
4.2.21 Erichsen test
4.2.22 Mullen test
4.3 Mechanical properties
4.3.1 mechanical properties
4.3.2 modulus of elasticity Young’s modulus
4.3.3 tensile strength
4.3.4 proof strength yield strength
4.3.5 elongation (to fracture)
4.3.6 gauge length
4.3.7 elongation A50mm
4.3.8 elongation
4.3.9 shear strength
4.3.10 creep rupture strength
4.3.11 Poisson’s ratio
4.3.12 hardness
4.3.13 Brinell Hardness, HB
4.3.14 Vickers Hardness HV
4.3.15 ductility
4.3.16 formability
4.3.17 deep drawability
4.3.18 toughness
4.3.19 fracture toughness
4.3.20 impact resistance shock resistance
4.3.21 internal stress
4.3.22 residual stress
4.3.23 fatigue
4.3.24 fatigue strength
4.3.25 endurance limit
4.3.26 earing
4.3.27 pressure tightness
4.3.28 spring back effect
4.4 Product characteristics on form and dimensions
4.4.1 straightness
4.4.2 lateral curvature lateral bow
4.4.3 flatness
4.4.4 longitudinal bow longitudinal arch longitudinal curvature
4.4.5 transverse bow transverse arch
4.4.6 concavity
4.4.7 convexity
4.4.8 crown
4.4.9 twist
4.4.10 concentricity
4.4.11 eccentricity
4.4.12 ovality
4.4.13 squareness
4.4.14 corner
4.4.15 fillet
4.4.16 angularity
4.4.17 forging plane
4.4.18 baseplate
4.4.19 circumscribing circle
4.4.20 mean diameter (of round rod/bar or tube)
4.4.21 mean wall thickness (of tube)
4.4.22 tolerance
4.4.23 tolerance range
4.5 Physical and metallurgical product characteristics
4.5.1 physical properties
4.5.2 electrical resistivity
4.5.3 electrical conductivity
4.5.4 coefficient of thermal expansion (linear)
4.5.5 liquidus temperature
4.5.6 solidus temperature
4.5.7 density
4.5.8 specific heat capacity
4.5.9 wettability
4.5.10 microstructure
4.5.11 macrostructure
4.5.12 cast structure as-cast structure
4.5.13 metal grain
4.5.14 equiaxed grains
4.5.15 grain size
4.5.16 cell size (of a cast metal)
4.5.17 dendrite
4.5.18 dendrite arm spacing
4.5.19 grain flow
4.5.20 grain growth
4.5.21 recrystallization
4.5.22 critical strain (recrystallization)
4.5.23 fluidity
5 Visual quality characteristics
5.1 General terms
5.1.1 quality characteristic
5.1.2 visual quality characteristic
5.2 Typical terms for ingots and castings
5.2.1 cold shut (cast product)
5.2.2 segregation
5.2.3 macrosegregation
5.2.4 microsegregation
5.2.5 gravity segregation
5.2.6 inverse segregation
5.2.7 surface segregation (unwrought product)
5.2.8 hot crack
5.2.9 cold crack
5.2.10 shrinkage cavity
5.2.11 porosity
5.2.12 gas porosity
5.2.13 twin columnar grains (TCG)
5.2.14 butt curl
5.2.15 butt swell
5.2.16 mirun
5.3 Visual quality characteristics related to form and dimension
5.3.1 off gauge
5.3.2 kink
5.3.3 buckle
5.3.4 centre buckle
5.3.5 quarter buckle
5.3.6 edge buckle
5.3.7 dent
5.3.8 expansion dent
5.3.9 repeating dent
5.3.10 corner turn-up
5.4 Visible surface quality characteristics on wrought products, mainly mechanical
5.4.1 mark
5.4.2 chatter marks
5.4.3 ripple marks
5.4.4 rub mark
5.4.5 stop mark
5.4.6 stretcher grip mark
5.4.7 arbor mark
5.4.8 bite mark
5.4.9 roll mark
5.4.10 knife mark
5.4.11 whip mark
5.4.12 stretcher jaw mark
5.4.13 herring bone marks
5.4.14 pinch marks
5.4.15 indentation
5.4.16 scratch
5.4.17 rolled-in scratch
5.4.18 drawn-in scratch
5.4.19 machine scratch
5.4.20 tension scratches
5.4.21 burnish streak
5.4.22 coating streak
5.4.23 grinding streak
5.4.24 herringbone streak
5.4.25 pickup
5.4.26 sliver
5.4.27 broken surface
5.4.28 lamination
5.4.29 broken edge
5.4.30 alligatoring crocodiling
5.4.31 roll grind
5.4.32 burr
5.5 Visible quality characteristics of wrought products, mainly metallurgical
5.5.1 structural quality characteristics
5.5.2 flow lines
5.5.3 streak
5.5.4 bearing streak
5.5.5 structural streak
5.5.6 fir-tree structure
5.5.7 inclusion
5.5.8 razor streak
5.5.9 inclusion mark
5.5.10 blister
5.5.11 core blister
5.5.12 orange peel
5.6 Discolorations, oil/dirt, stains and corrosion
5.6.1 water stain
5.6.2 oil stain
5.6.3 heat treat stain
5.6.4 surface bloom
5.6.5 heat treat contact mark
5.6.6 smudge smut
5.6.7 rolled-in metal NP6)
5.6.8 rolled-in dirt
5.6.9 dirt streak
5.6.10 grease streak
5.6.11 high lube
5.6.12 low lube
5.6.13 buff streak
5.6.14 corrosion
5.6.15 exfoliation corrosion
5.6.16 stress corrosion cracking
5.6.17 intercrystalline corrosion intergranular corrosion
5.6.18 pitting corrosion
5.6.19 filiform corrosion
5.7 Visible quality characteristics of coated and clad products
5.7.1 flaking
5.7.2 flow lines
5.7.3 pick-off
5.7.4 holiday
5.7.5 solvent pop
5.7.6 oven scratch
5.7.7 striation
5.7.8 coating build-up
5.7.9 lube spot
5.7.10 bond blister
5.7.11 coating blister
5.7.12 diffusion staining
5.7.13 pressure mottling
5.8 Visual quality characteristics for extruded products and forgings
5.8.1 pick-ups
5.8.2 die line
5.8.3 broken die
5.8.4 carbon mark
5.8.5 snap mark
5.8.6 saw lubricant stain
5.8.7 torn surface
5.8.8 multi-hole die effect
5.8.9 reeling marks
5.8.10 stretcher strain markings
5.8.11 hot spot
5.8.12 traffic marks
5.8.13 speed cracks speed tear
5.8.14 peripheral coarse grain
5.8.15 non-fill
5.8.16 mismatch
5.8.17 flash
5.8.18 cold shut (forging) lap
5.8.19 fin
5.9 Typical terms for foil and formed products
5.9.1 roll holes (foil)
5.9.2 perforations (foil)
5.9.3 pinholes (foil)
5.9.4 broken matte finis
5.9.5 sticking (of foil)
5.9.6 strain mark
5.9.7 looper lines

Standard terminology

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3.1.1 casting process

process in which molten metal is introduced into a mould where it solidifies

3.1.1 proces lití

proces, při kterém je roztavený kov odlit do formy, kde ztuhne